In today's digital world, the security of our data is crucial. However, there is a growing threat that has emerged: ransomware. This type of malware can compromise our information and demand a ransom for its release. In this article, we will explain what ransomware is, why it targets small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), how it operates, the most common types, what measures to take in the event of an attack, and how to protect yourself using a Web Application Firewall (WAF).

What is ransomware?

Ransomware is a type of malicious software that infiltrates our devices or systems and encrypts our files, preventing access to them. Attackers demand a ransom payment in exchange for providing the encryption key and restoring access to our data.

Payments are typically demanded in cryptocurrencies, as they are untraceable. It is also known as ransomware or ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) and has become a significant threat to the business sector, including SMBs and tech startups.

Ransomware operates similarly to a Trojan horse or worm. To carry out an attack, it exploits vulnerabilities in software or generates infected downloadable files. Once clicked upon, the malware infects the system and locks it with a key known only to the cybercriminal.

Why do they target SMBs?

As this type of attack aims to generate profit, businesses have become the primary focus.

SMBs are an attractive target for cybercriminals due to their vulnerability. They often have limited resources to invest in advanced security measures, making them easy prey. Additionally, many SMBs handle valuable information, such as customer data, which can be used for extortion or sold on the black market.

How does ransomware operate?

Ransomware spreads through various methods, such as phishing emails, untrusted software downloads, or compromised websites. Once our system is infected, ransomware encrypts the files and displays a ransom note, indicating how and where to make the payment to obtain the decryption key.

For businesses and startups, protecting their websites and web applications is crucial. If the business's own website or application is compromised, it's only a matter of time before all computer systems within the company are affected.

Types of ransomware

There are several types of ransomware, but they can be grouped into three main categories:

1. Encryption ransomware:

Encryption ransomware is one of the most common types. This malware encrypts files on the infected system, making them inaccessible unless the ransom is paid.

Once encryption ransomware infiltrates a system, it seeks out and selects the most important and valuable files, such as documents, images, videos, and databases. It then uses strong encryption algorithms to modify the file structure, rendering them unreadable without a unique decryption key.

2. Lockscreen ransomware:

Lockscreen ransomware blocks access to a system or device, preventing the user from using it until a ransom is paid. Unlike encryption ransomware, which encrypts files, lockscreen ransomware displays a locking screen or ransom notification.

3. Leakware or doxware:

Leakware, also known as doxware, is a particularly concerning variant of ransomware that focuses on extortion through the threat of leaking confidential information. Instead of encrypting system files, this type of ransomware infiltrates the target system and steals sensitive data, such as financial documents, personal information, or trade secrets.

What measures to take in the event of a ransomware attack?

If you experience a ransomware attack, it is important to take quick and effective measures to minimize damage and recover from the situation. Here are some steps you can follow:

1. Isolate the affected system: Immediately disconnect the affected device or network from the internet to prevent the ransomware from spreading to other systems.
2. Do not pay the ransom: Although it may be tempting, there is no guarantee that the cybercriminals will fulfill their promise, and paying them only encourages further attacks.
3. Report the incident: Contact local authorities responsible for cybercrime and report the attack.
4. Notify your security team: Inform your security team or IT department. They can take appropriate measures to contain the attack and protect other systems.
5. Remove the ransomware: If possible, use a reliable security solution to scan and remove the ransomware from your system. You can search for online ransomware removal tools or seek assistance from cybersecurity professionals.
6. Restore your files: If you have backups of your files, you can restore them after completely removing the ransomware from your system.
7. Strengthen security: After recovering from the attack, it is important to strengthen your security measures to prevent future incidents.

How to reinforce security against ransomware?

Reinforcing security against ransomware involves taking preventive measures to minimize the risk of an attack. Here are some recommendations:

1. Regularly back up your data and store backups offline.
2. Keep your software and systems up to date.
3. Exercise caution when opening emails or downloading attachments from unknown sources.
4. Use reliable antivirus and antimalware software.
5. Train employees on risks and best security practices.

How to protect your website and web applications from ransomware attacks?

Websites and web applications are particularly vulnerable to malware infections because they are connected to the internet. While individuals can choose which sites or applications to access, websites and applications cannot selectively choose who connects to them.

For the protection of websites and web applications, the most reliable tool is a Web Application Firewall (WAF). A WAF acts as a barrier between the server and potential attackers, filtering and blocking malicious traffic. Additionally, a WAF can detect and prevent ransomware infection attempts, helping to keep sensitive information secure.

Ransomware is a growing threat in the digital world, but we can protect ourselves by implementing proper security measures. Creating backups, keeping software up to date, and being aware of the risks when interacting with emails and downloads are some actions we can take. Furthermore, the use of a WAF is a key strategy to protect the information of websites and web applications. A WAF acts as an additional defense, filtering and blocking malicious traffic before it reaches the server. This helps prevent ransomware attacks and keep our information secure.